A Brief History of Hominins: Seven Million Years of Small Steps
A brief history of hominins begins about 7 million years ago in Africa, when one ape lineage split into two: one branch led to modern chimpanzees, the other to us.
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ALL EXPLAINERS ↗5-HTP vs. SSRIs: How Serotonin Supply Differs From Serotonin Signaling
5-HTP and SSRIs raise serotonin activity by different mechanisms, and they are not interchangeable. 5-HTP is a supplement that hands the brain the direct precursor needed to build serotonin, so it increases how much serotonin can be made.
THE FULL EXPLANATIONA Complete List of FDA-Approved IL-23 Inhibitors: The Full 2026 Guide
A complete list of FDA-approved IL-23 inhibitors contains four drugs: risankizumab (Skyrizi), guselkumab (Tremfya), tildrakizumab (Ilumya), and mirikizumab (Omvoh).
THE FULL EXPLANATION8-OHdG: What This DNA Damage Marker Really Tells You
8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) is a modified DNA base produced when reactive oxygen species attack guanine, and its level in urine or tissue is the most widely used biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.
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2 Demographic Factors That Influence Health Care Consumption: Age and Income Mechanisms Explained
Age and income are the two demographic factors that most reliably predict health care consumption, and they operate through separate mechanisms.
THE FULL EXPLANATION2 Weeks Pregnant: Why Your Test Is Still Negative, HCG Levels, and a Day-by-Day Timeline
At 2 weeks pregnant you are almost certainly not pregnant yet.
THE FULL EXPLANATION22 Weeks Pregnant: Fetal Size, Movement, Symptoms, and Week-by-Week Timeline
At 22 weeks pregnant, your baby measures about 11 inches from crown to heel and weighs roughly 1 pound (about 450–500 grams), making this the point where fetal weight typically crosses the threshold that gives a premature infant a fighting…
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10 Physical Signs Death Is Near in Alzheimer's Disease: A Clinical Timeline for Families
The 10 physical signs that death is near in Alzheimer's disease are loss of appetite and swallowing ability, severe weight loss, dehydration, recurrent aspiration pneumonia, a sharp drop in blood pressure, slowing pulse, cool mottled skin,…
THE FULL EXPLANATION116/70 Blood Pressure: What the Numbers Mean, How It Shifts, and When to Act
A reading of 116/70 mm Hg is a normal blood pressure for most adults.
THE FULL EXPLANATION1 Month Old Sleeping So Much: Normal Sleep Totals, Wake Windows, and When to Worry
A 1-month-old sleeping 14 to 17 hours per day is normal and expected.
THE FULL EXPLANATION10 Common Rabbit Diseases Every Owner Should Know: Symptoms, Transmission, and Care
The 10 common rabbit diseases every owner should know are GI stasis, malocclusion, pasteurellosis (snuffles), pododermatitis (sore hocks), myxomatosis, rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHDV), encephalitozoonosis (E.
THE FULL EXPLANATION10 Common Ear Diseases: Causes, Symptoms, and When Hearing Loss Becomes Permanent
The 10 most common ear diseases are otitis media, otitis externa, otitis externa, impacted cerumen, eustachian tube dysfunction, tinnitus, presbycusis, noise-induced hearing loss, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière's…
THE FULL EXPLANATION10 Ways Humans Impact the Environment: Mechanisms, Numbers, and Reversibility
Humans impact the environment through ten major pathways: habitat conversion, overexploitation of species, pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, freshwater withdrawal, nutrient loading, soil degradation, light and noise pollution, invasive…
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